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  <div class="section" id="module-pipes">
<span id="pipes-interface-to-shell-pipelines"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-pipes" title="pipes: A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipes</span></code></a> --- 终端管道接口<a class="headerlink" href="#module-pipes" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
<p><strong>源代码：</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.7/Lib/pipes.py">Lib/pipes.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-pipes" title="pipes: A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipes</span></code></a> 定义了一个类用来抽象 <em>pipeline</em> 的概念 --- 将数据从一个文件转到另一文件的转换器序列。</p>
<p>由于模块使用了 <strong class="program">/bin/sh</strong> 命令行，因此要求有 POSIX 或兼容 <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.system" title="os.system"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.system()</span></code></a> 和 <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.popen" title="os.popen"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.popen()</span></code></a> 的终端程序。</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-pipes" title="pipes: A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipes</span></code></a> 模块定义了以下的类:</p>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="pipes.Template">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="sig-prename descclassname">pipes.</code><code class="sig-name descname">Template</code><a class="headerlink" href="#pipes.Template" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>对 pipeline 的抽象。</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>示例:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pipes</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pipes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Template</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;tr a-z A-Z&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;--&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;pipefile&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;w&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;hello world&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;pipefile&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">&#39;HELLO WORLD&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="template-objects">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>模板对象<a class="headerlink" href="#template-objects" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>模板对象有以下方法:</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="pipes.Template.reset">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Template.</code><code class="sig-name descname">reset</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pipes.Template.reset" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>将一个管道模板恢复为初始状态。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="pipes.Template.clone">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Template.</code><code class="sig-name descname">clone</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pipes.Template.clone" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>返回一个新的等价的管道模板。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="pipes.Template.debug">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Template.</code><code class="sig-name descname">debug</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">flag</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pipes.Template.debug" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>如果 <em>flag</em> 为真值，则启用调试。 否则禁用调试。 当启用调试时，要执行的命令会被打印出来，并且会给予终端 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set</span> <span class="pre">-x</span></code> 命令以输出更详细的信息。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="pipes.Template.append">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Template.</code><code class="sig-name descname">append</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">cmd</em>, <em class="sig-param">kind</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pipes.Template.append" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>在末尾添加一个新的动作。 <em>cmd</em> 变量必须为一个有效的 bourne 终端命令。 <em>kind</em> 变量由两个字母组成。</p>
<p>第一个字母可以为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'-'</span></code> (这表示命令将读取其标准输入), <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'f'</span></code> (这表示命令将读取在命令行中给定的文件) 或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'.'</span></code> (这表示命令将不读取输入，因而必须放在前面。)</p>
<p>类似地，第二个字母可以为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'-'</span></code> (这表示命令将写入到标准输出), <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'f'</span></code> (这表示命令将写入在命令行中给定的文件) 或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'.'</span></code> (这表示命令将不执行写入，因而必须放在末尾。)</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="pipes.Template.prepend">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Template.</code><code class="sig-name descname">prepend</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">cmd</em>, <em class="sig-param">kind</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pipes.Template.prepend" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>在开头添加一个新的动作。 请参阅 <a class="reference internal" href="#pipes.Template.append" title="pipes.Template.append"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">append()</span></code></a> 获取相应参数的说明。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="pipes.Template.open">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Template.</code><code class="sig-name descname">open</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">file</em>, <em class="sig-param">mode</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pipes.Template.open" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>返回一个文件类对象，打开到 <em>file</em>，但是将从管道读取或写入。 请注意只能给出 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code> 中的一个。</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="pipes.Template.copy">
<code class="sig-prename descclassname">Template.</code><code class="sig-name descname">copy</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param">infile</em>, <em class="sig-param">outfile</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pipes.Template.copy" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>通过管道将 <em>infile</em> 拷贝到 <em>outfile</em>。</p>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>


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